Understanding Uterine Fibroids

Katewinslet Oyato 

Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous growths that develop in or around a woman’s uterus.

 They are also known as leiomyomas or myomas, these growths are made up of muscle and fibrous tissue. Fibroids are quite common, especially among women aged between 30 and 50 years. 

 They are usually not life-threatening but fibroids can cause a range of uncomfortable symptoms and may interfere with a woman’s reproductive health.

Fibroids can grow in different areas of the uterus. Some develop within the muscle wall (intramural), others grow on the outer surface of the uterus (subserosal), and some may protrude into the inner cavity of the uterus (submucosal). They can be as small as a seed or as large as a melon. In many cases, women may have more than one fibroid.

The study at Kenyatta National Hospital and Aga Khan University hospital shows that 10%to 20% of women in Kenya are affected.

The exact cause of fibroids is still unknown. However, research shows that hormones particularly estrogen and progesterone play a key role in their growth.

 Fibroids tend to shrink after menopause, when hormone levels decrease. Other risk factors include genetics , age, obesity, poor diet, and race. African women are more likely to develop fibroids and often at an earlier age.

Not all fibroids cause symptoms. However, when they do, the symptoms can vary depending on their size, number, and location.

 Common symptoms include heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain or pressure, frequent urination, constipation, bloating, pain during sex, and in some cases, difficulties with conception or pregnancy. These symptoms can interfere with daily life and should not be ignored.

To diagnose fibroids, a healthcare provider may perform a pelvic exam and recommend imaging tests such as an ultrasound or MRI scan. 

In some cases, a hysteroscopy a procedure that allows the doctor to see the inside of the uterus may be used for a more accurate assessment.

Treatment depends on the severity of symptoms, the size and location of the fibroids, and whether the woman plans to have children.

 Mild cases may be managed with medications that control hormones and relieve pain, such as birth control pills or anti-inflammatory drugs. Iron supplements may also be given if the woman has anemia due to heavy bleeding.

For more serious cases, non-surgical procedures such as uterine artery embolization or MRI-guided focused ultrasound can shrink fibroids without removing the uterus. 

Surgical options include a myomectomy, which removes the fibroids but keeps the uterus intact, and a hysterectomy, which involves the complete removal of the uterus and is considered a permanent solution.

Living with fibroids can be challenging, but lifestyle changes can help manage the condition. Maintaining a healthy weight, eating a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables, exercising regularly, and reducing stress may lower the risk of developing fibroids or ease existing symptoms. Regular medical check-ups and open communication with healthcare providers are essential for early detection and proper care.

Uterine fibroids are a common but treatable health issue among women. With increased awareness, timely diagnosis, and the right treatment approach, women can effectively manage fibroids and maintain a good quality of life.